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In 1981, the Golan Heights, including the Shebaa Farms, were annexed by Israel, a move only recognized by the United States. Israel considers it part of the Golan Heights ++++AND++++ continues to hold it, along with the Golan, under military occupation.
please add the word 'AND' above, or whatever is required. Wikiqrdl (talk) 22:59, 16 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Given that Israel annexed the Golan Heights (including the Shebaa farms), I think it's incorrect to say the area is under "military occupation", the way that the West Bank is. It's a territory in dispute, yes, but not under occupation. Jeb1075 (talk) 20:25, 30 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]
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Original:
Attacks by Hezbollah
Between 2000 and 2005, Hezbollah attacked the IDF at Shebaa/Har Dov 33 times, resulting in seven Israeli soldiers killed in action, three taken prisoner, and dozens wounded.[24]
On 26 April 2024, an Israeli Bedouin truck driver was killed at Har Dov during infrastructure works as a result of an anti-missile strike by Hezbollah.[25][26]
I have reverted the recent edits by @GreekParadise. The changes were striking, and in the lede, and were not backed up by the sources in the article. I have left a note on the user's talk page, but thought I'd clarify here for others who saw the reversion.
For example, the BBC article used as a ref contradicts the new text and supports the old: "Syria agrees with Lebanon that the Shebaa farms area is part of Lebanon." It does include a comment by someone at the UN that the farms should be considered in Syria, but that should be attributed, and not said in Wikivoice.
The Palestine-Israel Journal is quoted multiple times for the same argument, making it WP:UNDUE. The UN link is broken. The PDF linked backs up much the same account as the text that was altered with the subsequent edits.
Right, claims like "the Syrian government has never agreed the land is Lebanese" are simply false. Although Syria has not shown any urgency for a formal border demarcation with Lebanon, the public position of the government since 2000 has been that the SF are Lebanese. Look at Syrian state media for the current position. This article is one I have been meaning to completely revise with better sources. But I'm a slow editor... Zerotalk02:56, 28 September 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Respectfully, Zero is incorrect when he says the Syrian government agrees the land is Lebanese. There is NO evidence from ANY Syrian source that Syria has EVER declared the Shebaa Farms to not be Syrian. If there is such evidence, please show it! All I've seen is a BBC claim that the UN claims than an unnamed Syrian official anonymously said so even though all the maps and official statements show it to be Syrian or refuse to say.
Zero says, for example, that the Syrian News Agency claims Shebaa Farms is in Lebanon. In fact that source makes clear Shebaa TOWN is in Lebanon, but not the Shebaa Farms. (Shebaa Town is in Lebanon as Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and the UN agree.) We know it's Shebaa Town that SANA is referring to, not just because it says so, but because Israel has never shelled its own territory in the Golan. It has shelled Lebanese territory.
========
The main problem I have with the lede is it's untrue.
"Lebanon claims the Shebaa farms as its own territory" is untrue because it suggests this was always the Lebanese position, when in fact, it's a recent Hezbollah position.
"Syria agrees with this position" is also untrue in that the Syrian government and its president have never stated this. That the BBC 24 years ago claimed this without citing a single Syrian official -- while admitting that the UN and Syria have it on Syrian maps -- is simply not a reputable source.
In fact, the Syrian President has made clear it is Syrian territory in private and publicly refuses to take a position.
You can find this information in the article, but the lede does not reflect the article.
What is undisputed is that ever since Lebanese independence, both Syria and Lebanon consistently said it was Syrian -- and even after Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights said so -- until the Lebanese-Israel conflict of 2000.
I'm happy to rework the article and add sources.
I would add the following information admidst any other sourced material. and then correct the lede to reflect it:
Since at least 2000, Lebanon has claimed a small portion of the Syrian territory occupied by Israel in 1967 and administered as part of the Golan Heights. The territory, known as the Shebaa Farms, measures 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi) and lies on the border between Lebanon and the Golan Heights. The United Nations and Israel consider the land to be Syrian territory occupied by Israel.[1] Syria has taken contradictory positions, but, with the exception of some statements in 2000,[2][3] has generally agreed that it is Syrian territory occupied by Israel, as Syrian President Bashar al-Assad reiterated in 2011.[4]
From the founding of the Syrian Republic in 1946 until at least 1978, all affected parties (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and the United Nations) considered Shebaa Farms to be Syrian territory, as opposed to Lebanese.[5][6][3] Shebaa Farms was considered part of Syria from 1946-67 and represented as such on maps of the time, including both 1949 Armistice Agreement maps and Syrian and Lebanese military maps.[7]
When Israel captured the Golan Heights in 1967, Shebaa Farms was still considered by Lebanon, Syria, and Israel to be Syrian territory. After 1967 and throughout the 1970's, the governments of Syria, Lebanon, and Israel all considered the territory to be Syrian and under Israeli occupation.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
In 1983, Hezbollah was created and over time, began to insist that Shebaa Farms were under Lebanese (as opposed to Syrian) sovereignty, eventually citing the occupation of Shebaa Farms as one reason for its continued attacks on Israel.[8]
On 7 June 2000, the demarcationBlue Line was established by the United Nations in order to ensure full Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, according to UN Security Council Resolution 425. After Israeli troops left Lebanese soil, the United Nations affirmed on 18 June 2000 that Israel had withdrawn its forces entirely from Lebanon, in accordance with Resolution 425.[9] But by this time, the government of Lebanon had changed its prior view and disputed the United Nations certification that Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon was complete.[10]
In 2000, some officials at the United Nations claimed some (unnamed) Syrian officials reportedly supported Lebanon's claim that the Shebaa Farms were part of Lebanon and not Syrian territory.[11][3][12] But its Syrian President Bashar al-Assad confirmed in 2011 that both Shebaa Farms and Kfar Shuba Hills were Syrian territory and not Lebanese.[13] Syria has never officially declared in writing that the Shebaa Farms belong to Lebanon or any country other than Syria.[14]
For decades the United Nations and the international diplomatic community have requested that Syria and Lebanon take steps to determine the exact boundary between them with regard to Shebaa Farms and officially register the demarcated border with the United Nations. Both Lebanon and Syria refuse to do so.[15]
=====
In sum, this is a complex issue. It deserves an accurate portrayal.
If you will allow me to weave in the properly sourced material I have above, I will do so.
I am also asking wikipedia to undelete the 1966 Lebanese military map that has been on this entry for many years which explicitly showed Lebanon claiming the land was Syrian. That map was quickly deleted when I posted it on the Golan Heights on the grounds it was "redundant." Zero agrees the map is relevant and should be on wikipedia, and I have asked Zero to work with me to undelete the map. If you believe that the map should be allowed, you can join in the request.
If we all act in good faith, we can tell the truth with proper sources and not make unprovable false claims. I am happy to work with Zero on this. But inadvertent inaccurate sourcing of material (such as claiming the SANA link says anything about Shebaa FARMS, as opposed to TOWN) should be avoided.GreekParadise (talk) 23:14, 30 September 2024 (UTC) GreekParadise (talk) 23:14, 30 September 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Hi @GreekParadise. Thanks for taking the time to engage.
In the spirit of being helpful, I first wanted to comment on a couple of things in your reply above:
"If we all act in good faith, we can tell the truth with proper sources and not make unprovable false claims."
Wikipedia has guidance on WP:RIGHTGREATWRONGS and WP:POV, both fairly summarised in the essay WP:TRUTH. We are not here to "prove" any "truth", but to detail verifiable consensus from reliable sources. In contentious topics, this is especially important. Wording like this can make your edits look like WP:TE, which can result in banning or blocking. Tendentious editing doesn't have to be intentional (and usually isn't), but is associated with strong opinions. We also try to avoid accusing each other of bad faith—most policy violations are unintentional or arise from good intentions. It's generally best to stick to policy to argue your points (I appreciate that's easier said than done on some topics—we all get it wrong sometimes).
That said, I'm not sure where your suggested edits would go and what they would replace. It seems to remove a lot of the existing content which currently provides a lot of useful context, and results in an article which is more one-sided as a result. A better suggestion would be to add details you think are missing rather than replacing the whole thing. We can discuss those here, and then you can conceivably build consensus for them so they won't get reverted.
I did note some areas for improvement in your suggested text, regardless. This is an essay, so bear with me:
"Since at least 2000, Lebanon has claimed a small portion of the Syrian territory occupied by Israel in 1967 and administered as part of the Golan Heights."
This is non-neutral, since it declares the territory definitely is Syrian (while the thrust of the article is that it's explicitly disputed), and possibly also suggests it's only a trivial concern that shouldn't matter. A better framing would be:
"Since at least 2000, Lebanon has claimed the Shebaa Farms as part of its territory. The land was used by Lebanese farmers in the village of Shebaa until 1967.[1] The territory was occupied by Israel in 1967 and has since been administered as part of the Golan Heights."
[1]: Krista Eileen Wiegand (2011). Enduring Territorial Disputes: Strategies of Bargaining, Coercive Diplomacy, and Settlement (illustrated ed.). University of Georgia Press. pp. 157–8. ISBN 9780820337388.
This section is entirely unsourced:
“When Israel captured the Golan Heights in 1967, Shebaa Farms was still considered by Lebanon, Syria, and Israel to be Syrian territory. After 1967 and throughout the 1970's, the governments of Syria, Lebanon, and Israel all considered the territory to be Syrian and under Israeli occupation.”
This a major claim to make without sources. The map doesn't count as a source there, since it's a primary source and relying on it would be WP:OR. You'd need a secondary source (ideally multiple) to indicate how we should interpret the map and how relevant it is.
“In 1983, Hezbollah was created and over time, began to insist that Shebaa Farms were under Lebanese (as opposed to Syrian) sovereignty, eventually citing the occupation of Shebaa Farms as one reason for its continued attacks on Israel.”
Firstly, this needs more than the PIJ source (which you've used rather a lot in this rewrite). Anything likely to be contested should have multiple high quality RSes attached to it.
It also leaves out significant context: as per the 1930s maps that Zero added, the area was placed in Lebanon in at least some estimations. So this wasn't a claim that Hezbollah just invented in the 80s. Collectively, the various maps show there isn't actually a clear answer as much as we might want one. Either way, our opinions here aren't relevant—what’s relevant is what RSes make of these maps.
We also can't just throw in “attacks on Israel” without context either. That will come across as POV pushing. And as a general sidenote, “insisted” probably fails [[WP:NPOV]]. We should always try to use “said” as the default, unless there's a convincing reason not to.
"In 2000, some officials at the United Nations claimed some (unnamed) Syrian officials reportedly supported Lebanon's claim that the Shebaa Farms were part of Lebanon and not Syrian territory. But its Syrian President Bashar al-Assad confirmed in 2011 that both Shebaa Farms and Kfar Shuba Hills were Syrian territory and not Lebanese."
The language of "some (unnamed) Syrian officials reportedly supported" reads as minimising this viewpoint, which wouldn't be neutral. Better framing would be along the lines of "two Syrian officials, said…" or "Person X, a Syrian official, said…" We can use "reportedly" when a newspaper is referring to unnamed sources, or when a source is in doubt, such as "Two unnamed Syrian officials reportedly told The Times that…" or "The Times reported that two Syrian officials said…" But it seems from Zero's comments that we can identify who made these statements so we should attribute them. If this viewpoint is of minor importance, then please provide evidence that that's the consensus among experts.
The onus is on you to properly research this stuff, otherwise it will look like changes made to construct a POV rather than changes made to better reflect a consensus. At the moment, you haven't convinced me that—however well intentioned or well researched—your edits reflect the consensus rather than your own personal views. We need to read people who disagree with us as well as those who agree with us, and should always be mindful that we're reflecting the view of most experts. I hope that makes sense. Lewisguile (talk) 09:43, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
The UN press release that you referred to 3 times with a dead link says "Concerning the Shab'a farmlands, both Lebanon and Syria state that this land belongs to Lebanon." Countless other sources say that the Syrian position since 2000 has been that the SF are Lebanese, and the only exception I know of is the unsupported claim about a private remark of Assad in the article of Hof. Zerotalk06:33, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
"'Lebanon claims the Shebaa farms as its own territory' is untrue because it suggests this was always the Lebanese position" — Actually "claims" is present tense so this sentence refers to the present and not the past. The past is more complicated. Zerotalk06:38, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
"some officials at the United Nations claimed some (unnamed) Syrian officials reportedly" Hmm, "some officials" refers here to the UN Secretary General and the "unnamed Syrian official" is the Syrian Foreign Minister, Mr. Al-Shara', who spoke to the SG personally. (Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978), [S/2000/460 https://documents.un.org/symbol-explorer?s=S/2000/460]).
Other named Syrian officials are the UN representatives of Syria, Wehbe and Mekdad, who told the General Assembly in Nov-Dec, 2000, that the Sheba Farms are Lebanese (A/55/PV.77 and A/55/PV.78). The UN Sec-Gen said on 18 April 2006, "Representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic have repeatedly made public statements to the effect that the Syrian Arab Republic agrees in principle with the notion that the Shebaa farms are Lebanese territory." (S/2006/248) Zerotalk06:53, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
"Both Lebanon and Syria refuse to do so.[16] — An exiled former vice-president doesn't strike me as a reliable source against his former boss, but anyway this source does not support "both" at all. It isn't even clear without external information what Khaddam is referring to. The facts are that Lebanon never refused to demarcate the border with Syria and expressed satisfaction when the UN defined the extent of the SF. Khaddam is directly criticising the official position of Syria, which is that border demarcation is impossible before Israeli withdrawal. Zerotalk11:41, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Unfortunately, Zero, none of your citations give the position of the Syrian Government. All of them are SANA quoting Lebanese Hezbollah (or, in one case, the Arab League Council). This is not an official Syrian position. Israeli newspapers (and US ones) also quote Lebanese Hezbollah's position on Shebaa Farms. That does not make it an Israeli or American position.
I did very much appreciate the correct link to the 2000 report, which is fascinating. You're right that the UN attributes the position to a single phone call of a member of the Syrian Government in 2000. It then follows it up by clearly stating that both Lebanon and Syria have repeatedly shown on maps that the land was Syria from 1946-2000. That detailed account (they cite some 81 maps) should definitely be included as the UN makes clear this "new position" of the Syrian Foreign Minister in 2000 was a change in position of both countries in 2000..and of course, they found that it was Lebanese territory officially when they certified Israel's compliance with Resolution 1701 in 2006. The UN even calls it Syria's "new position." That should be directly quoted.
I also read your second citation. Again, very interesting. I will quote it in full (weird links in original)
31. In this context, I note that the status of the Shebaa farmlands has remained under discussion among the Lebanese and in the region. In particular, it is important to note that participants in the Lebanese national dialogue affirmed their support on 14 March 2006 for all contacts undertaken by the Government of Lebanon to &/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8220;establish the Lebanese identity of the Shebaa farmlands,&/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8221; and to &/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8220;determine the area&/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8217;s borders in accordance with procedures and principles approved and accepted by the United Nations&/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8221;.
32. As outlined in greater detail in my previous reports, the Security Council has repeatedly reiterated its confirmation that Israel withdraw its forces from all Lebanese territory in fulfilment of Security Council resolution 425 (1978) in 2000, and that it consider the Shebaa farms area to be Israeli-occupied Syrian territory, on the basis of the information regarding the international boundary available to the United Nations in delineating the Blue Line of withdrawal.
33. The United Nations determination of the status of the Shebaa farms is, as I wrote in my reports to the Security Council of 22 May 2000 (S/2000/460) and of 16 June 2000 (S/2000/590 and Corr.1), without prejudice to any internationally recognized border agreement that Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic may wish to conclude in the future. Its current status as Israeli-occupied Syrian territory does, however, remain valid unless and until the Governments of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic take steps under international law to alter that status.
34. Lebanon has repeatedly committed, in writing and through public statements such as the one made by Foreign Minister Fawzi Salloukh after a meeting with my Special Envoy for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) in Beirut on 24 March 2006, to respect the Blue Line. In this context, I particularly recall President &/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/201;mile Lahoud&/unispal/document/auto-insert-178789/8217;s letter to me of 12 June 2000 (A/54/914-S/2000/564), in which the Lebanese authorities committed to accept and respect the Blue Line until a border delineation agreement is reached by Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic.
35. On the basis of the aforementioned facts, the exchange of letters between the Governments of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic, and the agreements reached at the national dialogue in Lebanon, it appears that there exists a consensus on the general need to delineate the Lebanese-Syrian border. There also appears to be agreement among the Lebanese that the Shebaa farmlands area is to be considered Lebanese territory. Representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic have repeatedly made public statements to the effect that the Syrian Arab Republic agrees in principle with the notion that the Shebaa farms are Lebanese territory.
In sum, the UN has concluded, based on international boundaries and the Blue Line that the Shebaa Farms' current status is Israeli-occupied Syrian territory. That is a legal designation and should be at the top of the article. It should state "under international law, the Shebaa Farms are Israeli-occupied Syrian territory. That was the position of both the Lebanese and Syrian governments until 2000 when Lebanon changed its position. Syria's position on the issue is less clear. Although the UN claimed in 2004 that "Representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic have repeatedly made public statements to the effect that the Syrian Arab Republic agrees in principle with the notion that the Shebaa farms are Lebanese territory," those statement have not been located.
Note the weasel words: public statements "to the effect" that Syria "agrees in principle" "with the notion"
Those weasel words are important, especially since thus far, neither of us have ever been able to unearth a direct public statement from the Syrian government as to their position on Shebaa Farms.
Can you find a single statement from a member of the Syrian Government at any time in history saying the Shebaa Farms are Lebanese -- as opposed to Syrian -- territory?
If so, please point it out to me. If not, then I think all we can say is that the UN said in 2000 that Syrian officials told them that Syria "agrees in principle with the notion that that the Shebaa Farms are Lebanese territory" but the Syrian government has not issued a direct public statement on the matter, they have refused a demarcation, and as we know, Assad is reported to have said privately in 2011 that it is Syrian territory.
This is convoluted. But expressly saying that Syria says it's Lebanese territory would be pushing a particular point of view. Let's give the complex data and let the reader decide what to make of it.
In sum, we should say:
Both Lebanon and Syria considered it Syrian from the time the countries were founded until 2000 and all their maps show it (and show a map or two) as well as their conduct (what the UN says about the Blue Line)
Lebanon in 2000 first put forward a new position (that came from Hezbollah) that it was Syrian territory.
Syria has been inconsistent in its position since 2000. While a government official reportedly privately conveyed to the UN in 2000 that Syria "in effect" "agrees in principle" with "the notion" that it is Lebanese territory, their President Assad reportedly privately told a diplomat it was Syrian territory in 2011. There has been no Syrian statement publicly stating it is Lebanese territory or agreeing to the UN's entreaties to allow a demarcation of the land. (unless you, Zero, can find one!)
Hezbollah's clear position since 2000 that it is Lebanese territory (you can cite SANA for this)
The United Nations and the international community all agree Shebaa Farms is Israeli-occupied Syrian territory.
And since that's true, that should be in the lede followed by accounts in detail of the UN position, Hezbollah's position, Lebanon's changed position, and Syria's confusing and conflicted point of view.
@GreekParadise We don't need to cite Syria making such claims, as they'd be primary sources. We need secondary sources saying Syria said it, of which there are several, including the UN as quoted by you above.
So it still falls on you to prove that Syria doesn't think the Shebaa Farms are Lebanese today, as that's the part you're challenging (in the lede where it says "Syria agrees with this position").
On the subject of the Blue Line, yes, the UN says it's Syrian territory occupied by Israel. But the Blue Line also designates the north of Ghajar as Lebanese territory, and Israel still occupied the whole of Ghajar, despite agreeing to the same terms as Lebanon. In other words, both countries dispute various parts of the Blue Line; Lebanon has raised at least 13 objections to the Blue Line.
However, in the interests of drawing things to a close, I suggest the following:
"Lebanon claims the Shebaa farms as its own territory, and Syria agrees with this position. Israel claims the territory belongs to Syria based on 1967 boundaries. The UN maintains the 1967 boundaries, pending a formal border agreement between Lebanon and Syria."
This at least includes the UN position in the first paragraph and feels like the most balanced summary of the situation I can manage without massively increasing rhe word count. However, I suspect this will be reverted or opposed, as all of that information is already in the lede (it's just not in the first paragraph). Lewisguile (talk) 18:25, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
@GreekParadise:"You're right that the UN attributes the position to a single phone call of a member of the Syrian Government in 2000." Please state your opinion and don't try to state mine. I never wrote such a thing and it isn't true. Moreover, I suggest you read what I wrote and see that I already disproved "There has been no Syrian statement publicly stating it is Lebanese territory". There are many reports in SANA which call the SF Lebanese in the voice of the newspaper:, [1], [2], [3], etc etc. In addition, Syria is on the council of the League of Arab States and the Syrian representative spoke in support of the resolution (I'm looking for the full text). All of this is related to Syrian support for Hezbollah and vice-versa.But we don't need primary sources for this. Secondary sources overwhelmingly report that Syria supports Lebanon on the Shebaa Farms. Here is a partial list: Congressional Research Service, Washington Post, Dawn, Los Angeles Times, Guardian, Reuters, BBC, Al Jazeera, US State Department, Kaufman Contested Frontiers p72: "Until 1967 it was important for Syria to control the region for military reasons, but since 2000 it has been important for Syria to argue that the region is Lebanese and that Hizbullah’s struggle to liberate it is justified." (And other works by Kaufman.) UN SecGen report S/2007/147: "the Secretary-General has noted the repeated statements of representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic made over the past year that the Shab’a Farms area is Lebanese"; UN SecGen report S/2010/352: "Syrian officials have continued to affirm their recognition that the Shab’a farms area is Lebanese" (note the years, in fact statements like this are scattered in UN documentation from 2000 until now). Gal-Or (ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law v535 (2007-2008): "Lebanon and Syria claim that Lebanon has title". Jorum Beyond Syria's Borders, p83. Eiran Between land and sea: spaces and conflict intensity: "by the 1990s, both Syria and Lebanon claimed that the region was in fact Lebanese". Rabil Embattled Neighbors p273. Stephan The case for peacekeeping in the occupied Palestinian territories (International Peacekeeping, vol 11, p248). Zerotalk06:35, 2 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]
References
^Timur Goksel, a spokesman for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) stated: "The UN is saying that on all maps the UN has been able to find, the farms are seen on the Syrian side.
.svg){kind=small}
Done - excluding (ATGM) acronym, I can't read the Hebrew source, but the English source doesn't mention it being an anti-tank guided missile Adam Black talk • contribs 02:38, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
